NGC 2685, also known as the Helix Galaxy or the Pancake Galaxy, stands out as a remarkable anomaly in the vast expanse of the universe. Located approximately 40 million light-years away in the constellation Ursa Major, this lenticular and “polar ring” galaxy captivates astronomers with its peculiar features.
Unlike the more common elliptical and spiral galaxies, NGC 2685 defies classification norms. While it possesses a central bulge typical of lenticular galaxies, it lacks the distinctive spiral arms found in spirals like our Milky Way. What sets it apart is the presence of rings composed of gas, dust, and stars orbiting in perpendicular loops to the galaxy’s flat plane, earning it the designation of a “polar ring” galaxy.
Captured in a new image from the Gemini North telescope in Hawaii, this updated view reveals the intricate structure of NGC 2685. Compared to an image taken in 1998 from Kitt Peak National Observatory in Arizona, this recent snapshot offers fresh insights into the galaxy’s enigmatic composition.
The formation of lenticular galaxies like NGC 2685 is often attributed to the aging process of spiral galaxies, where their spiral arms gradually fade away. However, the distinct structure of NGC 2685 hints at a more complex origin story. Current research suggests that its unique configuration may be the result of multiple galaxies colliding and merging over millions of years. According to NOIRLab, it’s proposed that NGC 2685’s present structure emerged when it captured material from another galaxy, forming the encircling ring observed today.
NGC 2685’s proximity to the Big Dipper, a prominent stellar grouping within Ursa Major, makes it a captivating subject for astronomers seeking to unravel the mysteries of galaxy evolution. As our understanding of NGC 2685 continues to evolve, it serves as a testament to the boundless diversity and complexity of the cosmos.
