Study Reveals Beethoven’s Deafness Possibly Linked to Heavy Metal Poisoning An investigation into the DNA extracted from Ludwig van Beethoven’s hair suggests that he may have suffered from lead poisoning, shedding light on his deafness and other health issues, according to a recent study.
An illustration of a lock of Beethoven’s hair. (Image credit: Universal Images Group North America LLC via Alamy)
The analysis of two authenticated locks of Beethoven’s hair revealed exceptionally high levels of lead, arsenic, and mercury, as detailed in a study published in Clinical Chemistry on May 6. The concentrations were alarmingly elevated, with one lock containing 380 micrograms of lead per gram of hair and the other 258 micrograms per gram. Normal levels today are typically 4 micrograms or less, making Beethoven’s levels markedly higher.
Paul Jannetto, a pathologist at the Mayo Clinic and co-author of the study, noted, “These are the highest values in hair I’ve ever seen,” emphasizing their magnitude compared to global samples.
The significant presence of these toxic metals potentially contributes to Beethoven’s documented health issues, including his progressive hearing loss, gastrointestinal problems, and bouts of jaundice. While lead exposure correlates with gastrointestinal ailments and decreased hearing, it’s unlikely to have been the sole cause of Beethoven’s death, though it likely exacerbated his ongoing health struggles.
Previous analysis of Beethoven’s hair suggested high lead levels, but subsequent findings disproved its authenticity. However, recent DNA analysis of verified locks confirmed Beethoven’s infection with hepatitis B and elevated risk of liver disease, potentially influencing his health trajectory.
The source of Beethoven’s contamination remains speculative, with theories pointing to his wine consumption—commonly preserved with lead acetate—and his diet rich in fish from the Danube River, known for arsenic and mercury contamination. During Beethoven’s era, the practice of preserving hair samples allowed for retrospective medical investigations, offering insights into his health challenges.
The study authors underscore the significance of this discovery in unraveling Beethoven’s medical history, offering a nuanced understanding of the great composer’s health struggles.
