Astronomers have long relied on supercomputers to simulate the intricate process of galaxy formation, spanning from the Big Bang to the present day. However, inherent errors in these simulations have challenged our comprehension of cosmic evolution. In a groundbreaking endeavor spanning eight years and consuming a hundred million computer hours, an international research team has endeavored to rectify these inaccuracies.
Led by researchers from Lund University, this collaboration of 160 experts from 60 institutions has embarked on the largest comparison of galaxy simulations to date. Their goal: to refine the accuracy of cosmological simulations and gain deeper insights into the formation of galaxies, stars, and planets.
Over the past decade, significant strides have been made in developing computer models capable of realistically depicting galaxy formation. Yet, these simulations are plagued by limitations in resolution and assumptions regarding various factors, including stellar life cycles and interstellar medium evolution.
Through meticulous analysis and collaboration, the team presents the CosmoRun simulations, a comprehensive comparison of galaxy formation models published in The Astrophysical Journal. These simulations, focusing on a Milky Way-sized galaxy, provide new revelations regarding early disc galaxy formation, satellite galaxy populations, and the role of surrounding gas in shaping galactic structures.
The results not only align with observations from the James Webb Telescope but also address longstanding challenges such as the “missing satellites problem.” By emphasizing the importance of gas dynamics over stellar distribution, the team unveils a more nuanced understanding of galaxy formation processes.
The arduous journey of refining simulations continues, with each technological advancement offering new insights into the cosmic puzzle. With the prospect of more reliable simulations, researchers aim to unravel the mysteries surrounding our home galaxy, the Milky Way, and deepen our understanding of the universe’s evolution.
The collaborative effort underscores the significance of multidisciplinary research in advancing our knowledge of astrophysical phenomena. As the quest for understanding the cosmos persists, the collective expertise of researchers worldwide promises further discoveries in the realm of galaxy formation.