The Koh-i-noor, meaning “mountain of light,” is a renowned diamond weighing 105.6 carats, famed for both its size and the controversy surrounding its ownership. Originally weighing 191 carats, it underwent recutting in 1852 by Garrard of London to enhance its brilliance. Part of the British crown jewels since 1849, its ownership is disputed by various countries, notably India, which has demanded its return.
Numerous famous diamonds, including the pale pink Darya-i-noor and the privately owned Jubilee diamond, hold significant historical and cultural value. The origins of the Koh-i-noor are subject to debate, with some references tracing back to ancient texts and others linking it to historical events such as Sultan ʿAlāʾ-ud-Dīn Khaljī’s possession in 1304 or its presentation to the Mughal emperor Shah Jahān in 1656.
Most likely looted by Nāder Shah of Iran in 1739, it eventually fell into the hands of the British after the annexation of the Punjab in 1849. Despite being displayed at the Great Exhibition in 1851, initial reactions were mixed, prompting Garrard to recut the diamond, resulting in a dazzling stone. It was later incorporated into various royal regalia, including Queen Elizabeth’s state crown for her coronation in 1937.
The Koh-i-noor remains a subject of controversy, with India asserting its stolen status and others viewing it as a symbol of colonialism. Attempts to mitigate the scandal, such as limiting its usage within the British monarchy, have been made. Concerns arose over its inclusion in Charles III’s coronation in 2023, but Buckingham Palace confirmed its absence from the ceremony.
