During traumatic events, individuals may find themselves dissociating, experiencing emotional numbness or detachment from reality as a defense mechanism. Dissociation, a process where threatening feelings and ideas are separated from one’s psyche, serves as a survival strategy when physical escape or confrontation is impossible. Steven Dubovsky, a psychiatry professor emeritus at the University at Buffalo, explains that dissociation complements the body’s “fight or flight” response, providing a coping mechanism when danger is unavoidable.
In scenarios like being followed and attacked with no means of escape, dissociation allows individuals to mentally separate from the pain, both physical and emotional. This protective mechanism may also lead to foggy memories of the traumatic event, sparing individuals from reliving the distressing experience. Ruth Ellingsen, an associate clinical professor of psychology at the University of Oregon, emphasizes that for some, dissociation may be the only way to endure abuse without exacerbating the harm.
However, ongoing dissociation beyond the traumatic event can pose challenges in daily life. Ellingsen warns against overreliance on dissociation, as it may hinder individuals from effectively managing stressors and engaging in healthy coping strategies. Those who frequently dissociate might struggle with relationships and daily tasks, indicating a need for alternative coping mechanisms such as mindfulness or professional assistance.
While dissociation serves a crucial role in surviving trauma, addressing chronic dissociation involves developing healthier coping strategies. Dubovsky stresses the importance of maintaining some distance from traumatic memories for improved quality of life post-trauma. Understanding dissociation as a survival mechanism underscores the complexity of psychological responses to trauma and highlights the significance of comprehensive support for individuals navigating its aftermath.
