Scientists have proposed a groundbreaking theory that could dramatically enhance the power and scalability of quantum computers. This new model, published on May 21 in *PRX Quantum*, suggests connecting quantum processors over large distances to form a single, immensely powerful computing network.
What’s the Theory?
The theory involves linking qubits—the fundamental units of quantum computing—across vast separations to function as a unified, super-powerful machine. Unlike classical computing, which uses bits to process data in binary (1s and 0s), quantum computing leverages qubits that can exist in a superposition of both states simultaneously. This allows for more complex and efficient data processing.
How Does It Work?
Qubits can be entangled through quantum entanglement, linking their data over time or space. This entanglement allows calculations to be processed in parallel. By giving each qubit additional operating frequencies, they can be linked together and controlled individually, even if separated by large distances. This approach can overcome the challenges of scaling up quantum processors, which typically involve maintaining stability and complex circuitry.
Path to Quantum Supremacy
With enough entangled qubits, future quantum computers could perform tasks in seconds that would take classical computers thousands of years. However, achieving “quantum supremacy” requires millions of qubits, while current machines have only around 1,000. The new model proposes a modular approach, using smaller arrays of qubits linked by robust entangled connections, which could significantly boost computational power.
Modular Quantum Computing
The scientists liken this approach to building with LEGO blocks: individual qubits act as modules, connected using long-range entangled links. This method could simplify the scaling process and make quantum computing more practical and powerful. The goal is to create quantum computers that can perform calculations far beyond the capabilities of today’s most advanced supercomputers.
Future Implications
This modular model addresses the limitations of traditional quantum processors, which are currently fabricated with semiconductors and billions of tiny transistors. By using this new theory, researchers believe that future quantum computers will be more powerful and capable of much faster calculations, revolutionizing computing as we know it.
