The upcoming “major lunar standstill,” the first in over 18 years, is a rare celestial event occurring approximately every 18.6 years. During this phenomenon, the moon reaches its most extreme rising and setting points on the horizon, as well as its highest and lowest positions in the sky.
In 2024, alongside the April 8 total solar eclipse and dazzling aurora displays, skywatchers will have the opportunity to witness the first “major lunar standstill” since 2006. This event showcases the moon at its furthest northern and southern points on the horizon, and at its peak altitudes during its 18.6-year cycle.
This phenomenon arises because the moon’s path differs from that of the sun. Earth’s 23.4-degree axial tilt causes the sun to annually rise and set within a 47-degree arc along the ecliptic plane, while the moon’s 5.1-degree orbital tilt allows for a monthly 57-degree range. Consequently, the moon sometimes appears further north or south on the horizon than the sun.
During a major lunar standstill, or lunistice, when Earth and the moon’s tilts are maximized, the moon rises and sets at extreme northeasterly, northwesterly, southeasterly, and southwesterly points. This extended visibility alters its appearance significantly compared to minor lunar standstills, when its range is narrowest.
Historical sites such as Stonehenge, Callanish, and Newgrange align with these lunar phenomena, underscoring their cultural and historical importance.
The next major lunar standstill peaks around the equinoxes of September 2024 and March 2025. Visibility depends on lunar phases, location, and weather conditions, with optimal viewing during moonrise at sunset and vice versa during a full moon.
For instance, on June 21, the sun and full Strawberry Moon will rise and set at their utmost northeasterly and northwesterly points. Conversely, on December 15, the sun will rise and set at its utmost southeasterly and southwesterly points, while the full Cold Moon will rise and set at its utmost northwesterly and northeasterly points.
To observe these celestial spectacles, consistent observation from a single location can reveal significant differences. Although stargazing binoculars or a telescope can enhance the experience, they are not mandatory for appreciating the lunar standstill.
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