Scientists have made a groundbreaking discovery in Ladakh that could revolutionize the search for extraterrestrial life. Researchers from the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences (BSIP) have found magneto fossils—fossilized magnetic particles produced by magneto tactic bacteria—in rock varnish layers in this region, often referred to as India’s “cold desert.”
Published in *Planetary and Space Science*, this discovery suggests that biological processes are crucial in forming rock varnish, demonstrating how life can thrive in extreme environments. Rock varnish, a dark coating rich in manganese, iron, and clay, forms on rock surfaces in extremely dry and cold conditions and may provide nutrients to microorganisms.
Ladakh’s harsh climate, with high UV radiation, extreme temperature swings, and scarce water, makes it an excellent terrestrial analog for Martian conditions. Dr. Amritpal Singh Chaddha and Dr. Anupam Sharma, lead researchers at BSIP, used X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to analyze rock varnish samples from Ladakh. Their findings included nanochains of magneto fossils and higher levels of oxidized manganese and carboxylic acids, indicating organic activity.
This discovery mirrors findings from Mars observed by NASA’s Perseverance rover, highlighting the potential of rock varnish as an archive of ancient environmental conditions and a valuable resource for astrobiological research. Identifying biotic signatures in rock varnish could enhance our ability to detect biosignatures on Mars and other celestial bodies, improving the search for extraterrestrial life.
The research offers vital insights for planning future space missions, particularly for agencies like ISRO, focusing on Mars exploration and identifying habitable environments. Studies like this from Ladakh help bridge our understanding of extreme terrestrial conditions with the potential for life in the cosmos.
