Ancient Supernova Mystery Solved: Dead Star Merger Revealed
A “guest star” seen in 1181 AD, known as supernova (SN) 1181, was caused by colliding dead stars, according to new simulations. This discovery may finally solve an 800-year-old cosmic mystery. The event, which puzzled astronomers, has now been traced to its cosmic location. Recent computer modeling and observational analysis reveal it was a supernova resulting from two white dwarfs colliding.
The structure of the remnant white dwarf and the formation of double shock waves left behind by this rare collision were identified. Additionally, high-speed stellar winds began blowing from the remnant white dwarf’s surface as recently as 20 to 30 years ago. This underscores the power of combining modern astronomy with historical records to unravel cosmic mysteries and better understand supernovas.
Historical Context and Discovery
In 1181, a bright “guest star” appeared in the skies over Asia, documented in historical records from Japan, China, and Korea. At its peak, the star’s brightness rivaled that of Saturn and remained visible for about 180 days. The remnant of SN 1181, now old and faint, has been difficult to locate.
White Dwarfs and Supernovae
White dwarfs are the remnants of stars similar in mass to the sun. When these stars exhaust their hydrogen fuel, their cores collapse under gravity, shedding outer layers during the red giant phase. Eventually, only the cooling core, a white dwarf, remains.
In binary systems, two white dwarfs can spiral towards each other, emitting gravitational waves and eventually colliding. Typically, such collisions destroy both stars, but in rare cases, like Type Iax supernovas, a single rapidly spinning white dwarf can survive. SN 1181 is believed to be the remnant of such a supernova.
New Findings
Researchers analyzed X-ray data and created computer models to explain SN 1181’s structure. They discovered that the stellar wind from the white dwarf began only recently, suggesting ongoing nuclear fusion within the white dwarf. This discovery sheds light on the nature of Type Iax supernovas and their remnants.
The team will continue their research using advanced telescopes, aiming to confirm their findings and further understand the unique characteristics of SN 1181.
Summary
Ancient Mystery Solved: SN 1181 caused by colliding white dwarfs.
Historical Significance: Documented in 1181 AD during the Genpei War.
Scientific Discovery: Recent modeling reveals structure and behavior of the remnant white dwarf.
– **Future Research:** Further observations with advanced telescopes planned.
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