Why Some Cultures Sleep Twice a Day—and Live Longer
Discover why cultures practicing biphasic sleep often enjoy better health and longevity, and what science says about the benefits of sleeping twice a day.
Introduction: A Nap That Defies Time
In bustling cities, the midday nap is often dismissed as laziness. Yet in certain parts of the world—from rural Spain to coastal Greece—this pause in the day is more than just a cultural quirk; it’s a lifestyle that researchers believe could be linked to better heart health, reduced stress, and even longer life expectancy. Known as biphasic sleep, this twice-a-day rest pattern may hold secrets modern societies have overlooked.
Context & Background: An Ancient Rhythm
Biphasic sleep isn’t a modern wellness trend—it’s an ancient human habit. Before industrialization and the strict “9-to-5” work schedule, humans often slept in two segments: one in the early night and another in the early morning. Historical records from pre-electric Europe describe a “first sleep” and “second sleep” pattern, separated by a period of wakefulness.
In warmer climates, this evolved into the siesta: a short midday rest to escape the peak heat. Today, this tradition thrives in Mediterranean nations, parts of Latin America, and rural communities in Asia. Beyond climate, the practice seems to harmonize with the body’s natural circadian rhythm—our internal biological clock.
Main Developments: What the Science Says
Modern research is starting to validate what these cultures have known for centuries. Studies suggest that splitting sleep into two sessions can:
- Improve cardiovascular health: Research from the University of Athens found that adults who regularly took midday naps had a lower risk of heart-related deaths.
- Boost cognitive function: Short naps enhance memory, learning, and problem-solving abilities.
- Reduce stress and inflammation: Breaking the day with rest helps regulate cortisol levels, lowering long-term health risks.
- Enhance mood and energy levels: People practicing biphasic sleep often report fewer afternoon energy crashes.
Interestingly, the benefits may also tie to overall lifestyle. In many siesta cultures, meal times are slower, social connections stronger, and work-life balance more respected—factors that all contribute to longevity.
Expert Insight: A Lifestyle Beyond Sleep
Dr. Maria González, a sleep researcher at Spain’s National Center for Cardiovascular Research, explains:
“It’s not just the nap itself—it’s the holistic lifestyle. Meals are unhurried, physical activity is built into daily routines, and there’s a cultural value placed on rest. These patterns protect the heart and mind over decades.”
Meanwhile, anthropologist Dr. James Larkin notes that Western societies may have unintentionally disrupted natural rest cycles through artificial lighting, caffeine consumption, and rigid schedules.
“We’ve engineered a world that works against our biology,” Larkin says. “Reintroducing even a short midday rest can restore some of that lost balance.”
Impact & Implications: Could the West Adapt?
As burnout rates rise and sleep disorders become more common, some workplaces are beginning to rethink the one-block sleep model. Tech companies in the US and Japan have experimented with nap pods. Wellness advocates promote “power naps” as productivity tools.
However, cultural adaptation is challenging. In cities with fast-paced economies, carving out a midday break can feel impractical. Still, experts believe small changes—such as flexible schedules, quiet zones, and education about circadian rhythms—could make biphasic rest more attainable.
Conclusion: The Timeless Pause
Sleeping twice a day isn’t a magic pill for longevity, but it’s part of a lifestyle that values balance, rest, and connection. As modern societies grapple with stress-related illnesses and chronic fatigue, perhaps it’s worth looking back at traditions that stood the test of time. The lesson from siesta cultures is clear: sometimes, living longer starts with slowing down—even if only for 30 minutes in the middle of the day.
Disclaimer: This article is for informational purposes only and does not replace professional medical advice. Always consult a healthcare provider before making changes to your sleep patterns.